Panchang

Counted from

7 October 527 BCE, Pavapuri

The year turns at

Kartik Sud 1

Conversion

VNS = Kartikadi Vikram Samvat + 470

A minority scholarly position dates the nirvana to 510 BCE, and many Indologists redate it to around 425 BCE. Neither figure is in lived use: Digambar and Shwetambar calendars alike count from 527 BCE, and that is the number every Jain panchang prints.

Tithiतिथिતિથિ

The time the Moon takes to gain 12° of angular separation from the Sun. Thirty of them make a lunation. Because the Moon’s speed varies, a tithi runs anywhere from about 22 to about 26 hours against a 24-hour day — and every complication on this page follows from that mismatch.

Pakshaपक्षપક્ષ

The fortnight. Shukla or Sud is the bright, waxing half, tithis 1 to 15, ending at Purnima. Krishna or Vad is the dark, waning half, ending at Amavasya.

Udaya tithiउदय तिथिઉદય તિથિ

The convention actually in use: whichever tithi is running at local sunrise is stamped on the whole day, even if it ends minutes later. It is a Hindu convention — the Agamic Jain calendar did not tie a tithi to sunrise at all. Because it depends on sunrise, it depends on where you are: two cities on different longitudes can carry different tithis on the same date.

Kshaya tithiक्षय तिथिક્ષય તિથિ

A lost tithi — one that begins after a sunrise and ends before the next, so it never touches a sunrise and that number simply does not appear in the calendar.

Vriddhi tithiवृद्धि तिथिવૃદ્ધિ તિથિ

A doubled tithi — one running at two consecutive sunrises, so the same number falls on two days. The Agamic Jain calendar had only kshaya and never vriddhi; the Hindu-derived calendar in use has both, several times a year.

Adhika masaअधिक मासઅધિક માસ

The leap month inserted roughly every three years to keep the lunar months in step with the seasons. An ordinary year runs 12 months and 353–355 days; a leap year 13 months and 383–385. The Agamic Jain calendar allowed only Posha and Ashadha to be leap months; the calendars actually in use follow the Hindu one, which does not.

• Shwetambar Murtipujak

  Shri Simandharswami Jain Panchang

  Tithi, var, nakshatra, yoga and karan; pachchakhan times city by city; and religious muhurats — pratishtha, shilanyas, khat, chaturmas pravesh and loch, vihar. Published by the Arunodaya Foundation, first in VS 2038 after the Mahendra Jain Panchang ceased.

  Open

• Digambar

  Jain Tithi Darpan — Songadh

  Shastriya tithi, choghadiya, sunrise and sunset by city, and kalyanak days. Published by the Digambar Jain Swadhyay Mandir Trust, Songadh.

  Open

• Digambar (Acharya Vidyasagar)

  जैन तिथि दर्पण — vidyasagar.net

  A web calendar and a Jain choghadiya table.

  Open

• Tristutik gachchha (Shwetambar)

  Tristutik Jain Panchang

  A web tithi darpan with pachkhan times and choghadiya.

  We have not been able to verify its contents ourselves.

  Open